Factors that influence human growth have been named

Human height is formed under the influence of a complex interaction of genetics, hormones, nutrition and lifestyle. According to Vyacheslav Artishchev, a doctor and assistant at the Department of Morphology at Pirogov University, hereditary factors determine height by approximately 60–80%. This is reported by Gazeta.Ru.

"If the parents are tall, the child is likely to inherit their parameters. Scientists have identified many genes associated with growth, including those regulating the development of bones and cartilage. However, hormones play an equally important role. Even with ideal genes, growth is impossible without hormonal influence. The main stimulator is the growth hormone (somatotropin), which is produced by the pituitary gland and promotes the lengthening of bones and cartilage, especially in childhood and adolescence. Thyroid hormones are also important - their deficiency in childhood can lead to growth retardation, and sex hormones (testosterone and estrogens) accelerate growth during puberty, but then close the growth zones in the bones, stopping it," the specialist noted.

Nutrition is also a key factor. Without sufficient protein, vitamins and minerals, the body will not be able to fully realize its genetic potential.

"The main nutrients that affect growth are protein, which is necessary for tissue synthesis; calcium and vitamin D, which strengthen bones; and zinc and iron, which are involved in hormone production. Physical activity and adequate sleep are also important: movement, especially jumping, swimming and playing sports, stimulate the secretion of growth hormone. Deep sleep is the time of maximum production of this hormone, which is why children with insufficient sleep often lag behind in growth," the doctor explained.

In addition, chronic diseases (such as kidney disease or celiac disease) and unfavorable environmental conditions can slow down development. Psychological stress in children, for example in dysfunctional families, can also suppress hormonal activity.

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